Mason Chapter 8

CLAIM: Reasons for african scramble: national pride, stsrategic competition, new markets, raw material, and labor! => Used colonies as effective tax-evasion zones free of tariffs

• European depression from 1873-1890 became the drive for overseas imperialistic ventures.
• Also, Europeans felt taking over other countries is also humanitarian.
• Self-imposed tariffs lead to “economic protectionism, which furthered the decline in trade
• Thayer Mahan recognized the importance of having a navy to colonization (Big Brit Navy => Big Brit Colony); so, Amercia and Germany beefed up tehir navy and began a series of naval-based conquests.
• Social darwinism: the survival of the fittest applies to natinos — hence advocates for imperilasm
• Spread of imperialism began from spain => French => dutch => England.
• communists claimed that imperialism is the natural consiquence of capitalism
• First to colonize is the first to rebel. Case and point: Amercia.

• Britian Asian colonization: India! Rich source of manpower and resources.
• The French took Vietnam, but strong nationalism drove them out in the 1950s.
• Pressure from all fronts lead china to establish interlocking treaties that gave europeans de facto control to key trade regions. => CLAIM: this eventually lead to the death of China, the Empire

• European colonizations usually started with Nationally chartered exploratory companies (think: BEIC); evenutally, goverments take over.
• through imperialism, European culture became the dominant viewpoint in much of the southern hemisphere.
• Cities show up, and so did production of cash crops + a cash economy.
• European education stimulated literacy.
• European colonization created weak governments when independence finally was achieved.
• Direct effect of imperialism: land holdings and timezones.
• After the rapid de-colonization in the 20th century, the Third World was established and CLAIM: was pivital during the cold war.
• European thinking lead to European nationalist ideals, which CLAIM: contributed to the downfall of European colonies.

#flo

• About the scramble for Africa and the imperialist movement
• Today: all of Imperialism!
• The Scramble for Africa, w.r..t the congo
  • Hand Cutting! A mechnasism to meet the quota of cartridge use and as a a mechanism of defense
• IR Caused science and tech advancements
  • Steel + the steam engine => the core driver of technology - Think! The Effel tower: the celebration of the 1889 world's fair to create a celebration of steel
  • The telegraph — communication across continents => Post office would be delivered as part of the mail
  • Standardized oil and the natural rubber
  • 1870s-1876 — electricity and the telephone: enabled real-time communication
  • 1884 — Standardization of time, and created the official prime meridian at Greenwitch
  • American timezones was messy and city-based, which was later standardized
  • Rhodisia
    • Connected telegraph between two different regions — cape town to chairo
  • Archeology/Paleotogy/Museums/Science
    • 1812 — establishment of the Elgin marbles from Greece
    • 1829 — Institute for Archeologoical Correspodence: create the basis of first organized science
    • 1830 — Establishment and justification of racial divide w.r.t. "self study" and "scientific exploration"
    • 1859 — Darwin (about here is where scientific racism started, ala "development of men")
    • 1898 — cell theory
    • 1840 — dinasoures!
    • 1864 — establishment of the concept of the Eugenics and the process of forced sterialization
    • 1869 — the Periodic tables

"The White-Man's Burden" — the idea that the white man is racially superior and should go into the "less developed" region and bring the people into civilization