Late Qing China

• Considered the British as a lowly subject and dismissed their claims to increase trade and communication
• Created a high trade deficit through the oblivious to trade through Confucian philosophy

• The British used opium as compensation for the trade deficit between Britian=>China and China=>Britian
• When Chinese officials began controlling the trade of opionum, it was both to late and also was handled with mixed results due to difference in opionion.
• When sudden enforcement of trade occured, the British felt like it was an insult to the British crown and proceeded to wage war against the navally-weak China.
• After loosing the opionum war, the Qing court had to agree to a series of supplicating agreements that ended with hurtful consiquences and CLAIM without realizing destroyed the foreign policies of China.

• The Taiping Movement
  • Taiping movement threatened the Qing government's (a.k.a. British) trading of opium, but supported the spead of Christianity (albeit the flavor where the emperor is Jesus' yonger brother.)
  • Power struggle in the Taiping regieme lead to internal collapse a few years later.
  • Manchu weakness forced them to give the Chinese-Chinese army more power to quell the movement

*In 1858, Anglo-French forces invaded Beijing, storming the summer palace, took over the Chinese tax system, and eventually basically established the Qing rule as a colony of the west.*

• Kidnapped Chinese people to serve as indentured servants in the west.
• Confusion officials called for "self-strengthening", usually to little results due to the argricultural-dependent Qing state.

• The Chinese succeded Taiwan to Japan
• Lead the Western nations to fear for the collapse of the profitable Qing dynasty
• In turn, the Scramble for consessions occured where contries fervantly attempted to establish special trading licenses.
• The uninvolved US issued "open door notes" to all contries, calling on opening China as a free trade zone.

• The empress dowager's mismanagement of funds are CLAIM a symptom of the Qing court weakness.
• Kang Youwei urged the emperor to issue many edicts of westernization, but was quickly crushed by the empress dowager cixi.
• Conservatives seized the control of the Qing court, which resulted in more anger and mutiny throughout the country (but, interestingly, against western regions.)