Civil War

• Land and Climate
• Natural Resources
• Rivers & Coast

The North has worse geography, so they have diverse income and economics. The South has better geography, but then their economy is less diversified (focused on cotton, tobacco, sugar, etc.) Indigo was also an incredible crop in the south.

• Northern states had lumber and trade => industrialization
• South had slave labor

• European Immigration is more popular in the North
• South's has heavy reliance on slave labor

• 3/5 Compromise
• Missouri Compromise
• Abolition Movement

• Louisiana Purchase => leads into sentiments of manifest Destiny
• Missouri Compromise
• Mexican-American
• Kansas + Nebraska had mini civil-war over slavery

Industrial Revolution + Cotton 'Gin (1793).

*John Brown + his allies, including 5 African Americans capture federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, VA.

Lincoln swings the election, and wins the electoral college

Ford Sumter protected the coastline, confederates creating a blockade by cutting off its supply. This marks the real beginning of the civil war.

"Nothing is inevitable until here."

The process by which he murdered his master and also as a process by which they planned an insurrection. Realized the violence in the process of subjugation.

Turner was a preacher, leveraging lots of religious allusion. Its important b/c there is 3 unique aspects of the reading: Turner provides a lot of detail and his reasoning.

• Provides intersection between religion and justification of slavery
• Counters the religious justification of slavery, and that slaves are preordained to rebel against their masters
• Sense of redeeming themselves

"Devil is being present is slave owners," that the classes should interchange. The process of killing

• Willmont provision: puts the conversation of slavery on every bill, did no
• Douglass: slavery will die on its own eventually
• Turner: preacher that also leads rebellious

Series of primary sources of his speeches, and letters to pro-slavery advocates.

• That skin color is an arbitutary justifications
• That the slavery is a bad look
• Founding farthers did not want slavery permanently (all men are created equal)

That, even if support, all parts of the constitution could be changing.

• Lincoln did not argue for emancipation until later parts of the Source
• Slavery does not make sense if looking at skin colour, intellect, etc. (i.e. everyone who's dumber than someone else would therefore be their slave)
• Also anti-religious

Lincoln argued the insensibility of slavery. Kept having to clarify that he is not trying to completely get rid of slavery, also still don't think that the Black people should be full citizens.

Why did he free slaves:

• Encourages rebellions in the South
• Prevents the process of war
• Wishing Black men to join army

Also, Lincoln knows Douglass. Lincoln can't deny the articulation of Dauglass' history.

• Douglass and Lincoln argued that slavery did not make sense
• Even in the lens of Christianity, Christianity could not support slavery

Douglass makes an emotional appeal against slavery. Douglass in religious, but does not support the Christianity that supports slavery. Struggling with his ideas of slavery: that if there is a god, why does it support slavery — that it makes no religious sense in any grounds.

Robert E. Lee saw himself as a Virginian: he identified himself with the State first. This is very similar to the sense of identification today: that people identify themselves more as Republican/Democrat.

• Believes that defensive war is easier
• Knew that logistics were not on their side, but thought had values on their side

Ulysses S. Grant was the main general, and later president, of the United States of the North.

"Despite the inequities favouring the North, the South almost pulled it off."

• When the war breaks out, Virginia Hillbilling people seperated and formed West Virginia
• Richmond + Wash. DC were very closed to each other, much fighting occured in the South
• South had a vast coastline, which the North attempts to blocade

• The Upper class hired substitute to fight war
• Much immigrants
• 48% Farmer
• 24% Mechanic
• 16% Laborer
• 5% Businessmen
• 3% Professional
• 4% Others

• Use Navy to create blockade and stop trade along coast
• Wrap around to divide the south: emphasis by blocking Mississippi
• "Sherman's March" — cut through the south (burning what they oculd)

Lincoln wanted a knockout blow, but McClellan wanted a slow war that would save troops.

• Battle of Bull Run
• Richmond became a battlefield and is under siege for the entirety of the war
• Has taking Missouri failed, the North would have cost its western flank which would have cut off the West from the North => the battle of Oak Hills won Missouri
• Battle of Ironclads: first ships armed with Ironclads; the Monitor vs. Merrimac. The Monitors could shoot the blocade runners
• War in the East: battle around the capital cities, both sides realized ethat there are lot of casualities

• Border states allowed slavery
• Lincoln emancipated the Southern states' slaves to foment rebellion North
• Emancipation Proclamation didn't free any slaves
• African American recruiting
• Southerners disheartened and terrified

• South made a gambit: push into Maryland and get into Gettisberg
• Retreat to Cemetery Hill: roughly shaped like fishook and would easily hold the line
• Confederacy thought they have not lost a battle since then, to the point of ignoring the battlefield
• Little Roundtop hill changes the course for the civil war

Both armies lost ~23,000 solders; but Lee lost 60% of his army and Union lost only 1/3. At this point, the momentum swinngs the war.

• Vicksburg in the South falls in the Union, guaranteeing control of the Mississippi
• By 7/4, 1867, the momentum shifts
• Lincoln, wanting the end the war, institutes the draft again
• Riots began against the draft in New York — Lincoln starts throwing protesters in jail
• Anaconda blocade causes Southern inflation: $6.45 worth of goods becomes $65.75
• Sherman cuts into the South, and brought huge emotional imact into the war
• Lincoln chooses a democrat as a Vice President (D-Tennessee Andrew Johnson) => appealing to both parties + Border States
• Surrender at Appomattox: Lincoln let the southern solders go home

• 620,000 Lives Cost: dramatic impact
• Lincoln was assassinated at Ford's Theatre: only 1 part of many plans
  • Lincoln
  • VP
  • Secretary of War
• Lincoln called "the last casualty of the civil war"