Manchus

#flo #disorganized

• The Manchus!
  • Powerful army took China
    • Professional military organized under 8 banners
    • Took Beijing
    • Restored order
    • Proclaimed that the mandate passed to them
  • Assured that Chinese culture would continue, but those who resisted are punished
    • Yangzhou refused to surrender
    • So Manchus took the city and instantiated the purge
• Hairstyle submission
  • Forced Chinese men to submit to a Manchu hairstyle
  • Present symbol of Manchu rule
  • Took a whole generation to solidify rule
• Three great emperors
  • Kangxi Emperor
    • One of the most effective rulers of China
    • Held the throne for 60 years
    • Financials
      • Froze tax assessment in 1712
      • Made tax increase no longer a threat
    • Regions
      • Extended the empire northward + establish borders with Korea + Russia
      • Lead campaigns against Mongols and occupied Tibet
    • CLAIM: why he was great
      • Great guy
        • Dilligent
        • Good judge of character + warrented honest answers
        • Did not fight Ming loyalists as long as they break no laws
      • Promoted liberal arts
        • Held examinations to promote scholars
        • Patronized art, philosophy, and poetry
        • Interested in Western learning
          • Learned through Jesuit missionaries
          • Jesuits saw worship as a ceremony and not rites
          • However, was not fully accepted by the Emperor after the early 18th century
  • Yongzheng Emperor
    • More guarded and suspicious than Kangxi
    • Anti-corruption efforts
      • Expanded secret memorial system
      • A new tax reform that prevented tax evasion
  • Qianlong Emperor
    • Reigned for 60 years
    • Emulated Kangxi
      • Intensified Qing involvement in Tibet
      • Expanded into Turkestan
      • Patron of culture and arts
        • Compiled collection of Chinese work
        • Supressed anti-Manchu, anti-Confucion, and heretics by burning them
• Extended Chinese model of leadership + united the Chinese Mongols Uighurs and Tibetans
• 18s Century
  • Happy times
  • Prosperous and peaceful
  • Conservatively confusion
  • Two great novels written
• Beginning of decline
  • Governmert did not keep pace with rapid population growth
  • Qianlong became fond of his bodyguards, who embezzled silver
    • CLAIM: this is an early sign of decline
  • Continuous military campains eventually lead to near bankrupcy