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1 The Holy Roman Empire
Attempted to adopt the model of European universality => one church, one emperor.
But… They didn't! Because…
1.1 Reasons for non-universality
- Lack of transportation and communication systems made tying large countries together difficult
- HRE had separation between church and state, which makes the authority less authoritative
- Pope + emperor constantly fought
- Need constitution to settle
- Enabled fuetal rulers to enhance autonomy
- Hasburg dynasty + combination with Spanish royalty => Über powerful HRE => Almost centralized nation
- Yet, eventually weakened pope brought end to religious universality, which brought end to that centralized Europe idea
Meanwhile, in France… KBhHIST201RaisonDeEtat
1.2 Counter-Reformation
A process of "revving Catholic universality".
1.3 Emperor Ferdinand II
Practiced the… well… opposite of KBhHIST201RaisonDeEtat => Religion
- Morality > state interest
- Refused to treaty with Muslim Turks + Protestant Swedes
- "Less concerned with the Empire's welfare than that of the will of God … The state existed to serve the religion … for Ferdinand" – KBhHIST201Kissinger
- Edict of reinstatution => Demanded land taken by protestants since 1555 be returned